Overview
A sprain is a stretch or tear of the ligaments that hold a joint together, most often at the ankle after a twist or fall. It causes pain, swelling and bruising and can make the joint feel unstable. Most sprains heal within a few weeks with rest, ice, compression and elevation. A severe sprain with a complete tear, or one that cannot bear weight, needs assessment to rule out a fracture and to guide proper recovery.
Symptoms
- Pain around a joint straight after a twist or fall
- Swelling and bruising
- Tenderness and warmth over the joint
- Difficulty moving or bearing weight
- A feeling that the joint is loose or unstable
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if you cannot bear weight, the joint looks deformed, swelling is severe, or pain does not improve in a few days.
Emergency — call 108 or go to the nearest hospital
- Inability to bear any weight, a visibly deformed joint, numbness, or a cold pale foot — go to a hospital to rule out a fracture or nerve injury
Causes
Sudden twisting, rolling or impact that overstretches a ligament, common in sports, uneven ground and falls.