Overview
Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term autoimmune disease in which the body's own defences attack the lining of the joints, causing pain, swelling and stiffness, usually in the small joints of the hands and feet on both sides. Unlike wear-and-tear arthritis, it can also affect the whole body. Early treatment with disease-modifying medicines is crucial because it can prevent lasting joint damage and deformity.
Symptoms
- Pain, swelling and warmth in several joints, often both hands
- Morning stiffness lasting more than an hour
- Symmetrical joint involvement on both sides of the body
- Tiredness, low-grade fever and loss of appetite
- Joint deformity if untreated over time
When to see a doctor
See a doctor early for several swollen, stiff joints or prolonged morning stiffness — early treatment protects the joints.
Causes
An autoimmune process influenced by genes and triggers such as smoking and infections. It is more common in women.