Overview
Polio is a viral infection that can attack the nerves and cause permanent paralysis, mainly in young children. Thanks to a massive vaccination drive, India was declared polio-free in 2014, but the virus still exists in a few countries, so keeping every child fully immunised remains vital to prevent its return. Most infections cause only mild or no symptoms, but a small number lead to sudden, lasting weakness of the limbs.
Symptoms
- Often mild or no symptoms
- Fever, sore throat, headache and tiredness
- Neck and back stiffness
- Muscle pain and weakness
- Sudden floppy weakness of one or more limbs in severe cases
When to see a doctor
Keep every child's polio drops and vaccines up to date. See a doctor urgently for sudden limb weakness or difficulty breathing.
Emergency — call 108 or go to the nearest hospital
- Sudden weakness or floppiness of a limb, or difficulty breathing or swallowing — seek care immediately
Causes
The poliovirus, spread mainly through water and food contaminated with human waste, and person to person where sanitation is poor.