Overview
Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones lose density and become thin and fragile, so they break easily — sometimes from a minor fall or even a cough. It develops silently over years without symptoms until a fracture happens, often in the hip, spine or wrist. It is most common in women after menopause. Good nutrition, exercise and, when needed, medicines can slow bone loss and prevent fractures.
Symptoms
- Usually no symptoms until a bone breaks
- Fractures from minor falls or knocks
- Loss of height over time
- A stooped or hunched posture
- Back pain from small spine fractures
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if you break a bone easily, lose height, or have risk factors after menopause — a bone-density scan can guide treatment.
Causes
Ageing, menopause and falling oestrogen, low calcium and vitamin D, inactivity, smoking, excess alcohol and long-term steroid use.