Overview
Multiple sclerosis is a long-term condition in which the immune system attacks the protective covering of nerves in the brain and spinal cord, disrupting the messages between the brain and the body. Symptoms vary widely depending on which nerves are affected and often come in attacks (relapses) followed by recovery. It usually starts in young adults and is more common in women. There is no cure, but modern treatments can reduce attacks and slow the condition, so early diagnosis matters.
Symptoms
- Numbness, tingling or weakness, often on one side
- Blurred or double vision, or eye pain
- Problems with balance and coordination
- Fatigue that is out of proportion to activity
- Bladder problems and, at times, difficulty thinking clearly
When to see a doctor
See a doctor, ideally a neurologist, for unexplained numbness, weakness, vision problems or balance issues, especially if they come and go.
Causes
An autoimmune attack on the nerve covering (myelin), influenced by genes, low vitamin D, some infections and smoking.