Overview
Meningitis is inflammation of the protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord, usually from a viral or bacterial infection. Viral meningitis is often mild, but bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening emergency that can worsen within hours. The classic triad is high fever, severe headache and a stiff neck, sometimes with a rash. Because early treatment saves lives and prevents brain damage, anyone with these signs — especially a child or young adult — needs emergency care.
Symptoms
- Sudden high fever
- Severe headache
- A stiff neck and pain on bending the head forward
- Dislike of bright light and nausea or vomiting
- Drowsiness, confusion, or a rash that does not fade on pressing
When to see a doctor
Meningitis is an emergency. Go to a hospital immediately for high fever with a severe headache and stiff neck, or a rash, drowsiness or fits.
Emergency — call 108 or go to the nearest hospital
- Fever with a stiff neck, severe headache, a rash that does not fade under pressure, drowsiness, confusion or fits — call 108 immediately
Causes
Viruses (often milder) or bacteria (more dangerous); in babies, signs are subtler — poor feeding, a high-pitched cry and a bulging soft spot.