Overview
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood-forming cells in the bone marrow, in which abnormal white cells crowd out the healthy blood cells. It can be sudden and aggressive or slow and long-term, and it affects both children and adults. Because it lowers healthy blood cells, it causes tiredness, easy bruising, and frequent infections. Modern treatment cures many cases, especially in children, so unexplained bruising, bleeding or persistent infections need prompt blood tests.
Symptoms
- Persistent tiredness and pale skin
- Easy bruising or bleeding, including nosebleeds and bleeding gums
- Frequent or lasting infections and fevers
- Swollen lymph glands, or fullness in the belly
- Bone or joint pain, especially in children
When to see a doctor
See a doctor promptly for unexplained bruising or bleeding, persistent fevers or infections, or lasting tiredness with pale skin — a blood test can point the way.
Causes
The cause is usually unknown; risk factors include some genetic conditions, previous radiation or chemotherapy, and certain chemical exposures.