Overview
Irritable bowel syndrome is a common long-term problem with how the gut works, rather than a disease that damages the bowel. It causes recurring belly pain along with changes in bowel habit — diarrhea, constipation or both. Symptoms often flare with stress or certain foods. Although it can be uncomfortable and frustrating, IBS does not lead to serious bowel disease, and most people manage it well with diet and lifestyle changes.
Symptoms
- Cramping belly pain, often eased by passing stools
- Diarrhea, constipation, or alternating between the two
- Bloating and excess wind
- A feeling of incomplete emptying
- Mucus in the stools
When to see a doctor
See a doctor to confirm the diagnosis, and promptly if you notice weight loss, bleeding, or symptoms starting after age 50.
Emergency — call 108 or go to the nearest hospital
- Blood in the stools, unexplained weight loss, or persistent night-time pain — these are not typical of IBS and need prompt assessment
Causes
An oversensitive, overactive gut influenced by stress, gut bacteria, certain foods and a previous gut infection.