Overview
Hypertension means the pressure of blood against the artery walls stays higher than normal. It usually causes no symptoms at all, which is why it is called a silent condition — yet untreated high blood pressure steadily raises the risk of heart attack, stroke and kidney damage. It is diagnosed with a simple cuff measurement and controlled well with lifestyle changes and inexpensive medicines.
Symptoms
- Usually no symptoms — found on routine measurement
- Headaches, often at the back of the head, in some people
- Dizziness or light-headedness
- Nosebleeds or blurred vision when pressure is very high
When to see a doctor
Get your blood pressure checked at least yearly after age 30, and see a doctor if readings are repeatedly above 140/90. Seek care promptly for very high readings even without symptoms.
Emergency — call 108 or go to the nearest hospital
- Blood pressure above 180/120 with chest pain, breathlessness, severe headache, vision loss or weakness of one side — go to a hospital immediately
Causes
Most cases have no single cause; age, family history, excess salt, obesity, alcohol, smoking and stress all contribute. A small number of cases are caused by kidney or hormonal problems.