Overview
HIV is a virus that weakens the immune system by attacking the cells that fight infection. Without treatment it can advance over years to AIDS, when the body can no longer defend against serious infections. Today HIV is a manageable long-term condition — daily medicines keep the virus under control, allow a normal life span, and prevent it passing to others. Testing is confidential and free at government centres, and early treatment makes all the difference.
Symptoms
- Often a short flu-like illness a few weeks after infection
- Then usually no symptoms for many years
- Swollen lymph glands
- Repeated infections, weight loss and night sweats as it advances
- Persistent diarrhea, thrush or unusual infections in later stages
When to see a doctor
Get a confidential HIV test if you may have been exposed. If positive, start treatment early — it keeps you well and protects others. Testing and treatment are free.
Causes
The human immunodeficiency virus, spread through infected blood, unprotected sex, sharing needles, and from mother to baby during birth or breastfeeding.