Overview
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both short-lived and long-term illness. It spreads through infected blood and body fluids, including from mother to baby at birth. Many adults clear the virus, but some carry it for life and are at risk of liver scarring and cancer over the years. A safe, effective vaccine prevents it, and long-term infection can be controlled with medicines.
Symptoms
- Often no symptoms, especially early or in long-term infection
- Tiredness and loss of appetite
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes
- Dark urine and pale stools
- Nausea and pain over the liver
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if you have symptoms, a positive test, or a possible exposure. Vaccination protects you and your family.
Emergency — call 108 or go to the nearest hospital
- Deep jaundice with confusion, drowsiness, vomiting blood or a swollen belly — signs of liver failure, seek care immediately
Causes
The hepatitis B virus, spread through infected blood and body fluids — unsafe injections, transfusions, unprotected sex and mother to baby.