Overview
Gum disease begins when a sticky film of bacteria (plaque) builds up along the gum line, making gums red, swollen and prone to bleeding. In this early stage, called gingivitis, it is fully reversible with good brushing and a dental cleaning. Left untreated it can advance to damage the bone that holds teeth, leading to loose teeth and eventual tooth loss.
Symptoms
- Red, swollen or tender gums
- Gums that bleed when brushing or flossing
- Persistent bad breath or a bad taste
- Gums pulling away from the teeth
- Loose teeth or a change in bite in advanced stages
When to see a doctor
See a dentist if gums bleed regularly, look swollen, or if you notice bad breath or loosening teeth.
Causes
Plaque and tartar build-up from poor oral hygiene. Smoking, diabetes, pregnancy and some medicines increase the risk.