Overview
Dementia is not a single disease but a group of symptoms — a lasting decline in memory, thinking, language and judgement — severe enough to affect daily life. It is caused by different diseases of the brain and becomes more common with age, though it is not a normal part of ageing. As it progresses, a person needs more help with everyday tasks. There is no cure for most types, but early diagnosis allows treatment of some causes, planning, and support that improves quality of life.
Symptoms
- Memory loss, especially of recent events
- Difficulty finding words or following conversations
- Getting confused about time or place
- Trouble with planning, judgement or familiar tasks
- Changes in mood, personality or behaviour
When to see a doctor
See a doctor for lasting memory or thinking problems that affect daily life — some causes are treatable and early support helps greatly.
Causes
Diseases that damage brain cells, most commonly Alzheimer's disease and repeated small strokes; also other brain conditions and, rarely, treatable causes.