Overview
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle itself, which becomes enlarged, thickened or stiff and pumps less effectively. It can be inherited or follow long-standing high blood pressure, heart attacks, infections, or heavy alcohol use. It often develops quietly and may first show up as breathlessness, swelling or palpitations, and it is an important cause of heart failure and, in young people, of sudden collapse. Diagnosis and treatment can control symptoms and lower serious risks.
Symptoms
- Breathlessness on exertion or when lying flat
- Swelling of the ankles, legs or belly
- Tiredness and reduced exercise capacity
- Palpitations or an irregular heartbeat
- Dizziness or fainting in some people
When to see a doctor
See a doctor for breathlessness, swelling or palpitations, especially with a family history of heart disease or sudden death.
Emergency — call 108 or go to the nearest hospital
- Fainting, severe breathlessness at rest, or chest pain — seek emergency care immediately
Causes
Inherited gene changes, long-standing high blood pressure, previous heart attacks, viral infections of the heart, and heavy alcohol use.