Overview
Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition in which mood swings between emotional highs (mania) and lows (depression), each lasting days to weeks. During highs a person may feel unusually energetic, talkative or reckless; during lows they feel hopeless and drained. It is a lifelong condition, but with the right medicines and support most people lead stable, productive lives.
Symptoms
- Periods of very high energy, fast speech or racing thoughts
- Reduced need for sleep during high phases
- Overspending, risky decisions or inflated confidence
- Deep low phases with sadness, guilt and loss of interest
- Difficulty functioning at work or in relationships during episodes
When to see a doctor
See a doctor or mental health professional if mood swings disrupt daily life, work or relationships.
Emergency — call 108 or go to the nearest hospital
- Thoughts of suicide or self-harm, or actions that put the person's life at risk — seek emergency help immediately
Causes
A mix of genetics, brain chemistry and stressful life events. It often runs in families and may be triggered by lack of sleep, substance use or major stress.