Overview
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) happens when stomach acid repeatedly flows back up into the food pipe, irritating its lining. It causes burning behind the breastbone (heartburn), sour burps and sometimes chest discomfort after meals or on lying down. Occasional acidity is normal; GERD is when it happens often enough to disturb daily life. Diet changes and acid-reducing medicines control it well.
Symptoms
- Burning sensation behind the breastbone, often after meals
- Sour or bitter taste rising into the mouth
- Belching and upper stomach discomfort
- Symptoms worse on lying down or bending over
- Long-standing cough or throat clearing in some people
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if heartburn occurs more than twice a week, wakes you at night, or needs antacids regularly. Difficulty swallowing, vomiting blood or black stools need urgent evaluation.
Causes
A weak valve between the food pipe and stomach, aggravated by heavy or late-night meals, spicy and oily food, tea/coffee excess, alcohol, smoking, obesity and stress.